0.50 NA Step-Index Multimode Fibers
![](https://www.thorlabs.com/Images/GuideImages/362_Multimode0.48na_7.jpg)
- Broad UV/VIS/NIR Spectral Range
- Biocompatible Materials
- Low Microbend Losses
0.50 NA Step-Index
Multimode Fiber Cross Section
(Not to
Scale)
Tefzel® Coating
Hard Polymer Cladding
Pure Silica Core
Color Does Not Represent
Actual Fiber
Ø600 μm, Ø1000 μm, & Ø1500 µm Core Fiber
Ø400 μm Core Fiber
Ø200 μm Core Fiber
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![Comparision of the Old and New Connectorization Method](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/TabImages/Fiber_Buffer_Termination_D2-350.jpg)
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Illustration of 0.50 NA Fiber Termination
Features
- Broad UV/VIS/NIR Spectral Range:
- 300 to 1200 nm (High OH)
- 400 to 2200 nm (Low OH)
- Reduced Static Fatigue, Low Microbend Losses
- Biocompatible Materials, Radiation Resistant
- Can be Sterilized by Ethylene Oxide Cleaning Method
Our 0.50 NA polymer-clad fibers offer high numerical apertures to suit a broad range of applications, from remote illumination to photodynamic therapy. The fiber is encased in a Tefzel® coating that has an operating temperature range of -40 to 85 °C.
Thorlabs also offers SMA-terminated patch cables with low-OH 0.50 NA multimode fibers. If you require another connector type, we offer the ADAFCSMA1 FC/PC-to-SMA Mating Sleeve that can be used to couple an SMA connector to an FC/PC connector, as well as hybrid patch cables. Please contact Tech Support for further information.
0.50 NA Fiber Connectors
As seen in the illustration on the right, Thorlabs uses a unique method to terminate 0.50 NA fibers. The Tefzel buffer is stripped back a bit further to allow more of the cladding to be exposed to the adhesive, improving the bonding between the fiber and the connector. Thorlabs also offers pre-assembled SMA-to-SMA patch cables using the low-OH fibers on this page. Custom patch cables are also available. Please click on the the Custom Fiber Patch Cables link below for more information.
Alternate Numerical Aperture Step-Index Fibers | |||
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0.1 NA Small-Core Fibers | 0.22 NA High- and Low-OH Fibers |
0.39 NA High- and Low-OH Fibers |
0.50 NA High- and Low-OH Fibers |
0.50 NA multimode fibers are available from stock as Fiber Optic Patch Cables in many configurations. Click on the More [+] link in the table below to view stock patch cable options. Custom cables are also available. Click on the Custom Fiber Patch Cables link to the right for more information.
Stock Patch Cables Available with These Fibers |
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Item # | Fiber Used | Description | Length |
M129 | FP200URT | FC/PC to SMA905 | 1 or 2 m |
M73 | FC/PC to LC Ferrule | 1 m | |
M104 | FC/PC to FC Ferrule | 1 m | |
MAF4L1a | FC/PC to FC/PC | 1 m | |
MAF5L1a | FC/PC to LC Ferrule | 1 m | |
MAF6L1a | FC/PC to FC Ferrule | 1 m | |
M95 | SMA905 to LC Ferrule | 1 m | |
M106 | SMA905 to FC Ferrule | 1 m | |
M44 | FP200ERT | SMA905 to SMA905 | 1 or 2 m |
M123 | FC/PC to FC/PC | 1 or 2 m | |
M131 | FP400URT | FC/PC to SMA905 | 1 or 2 m |
M127 | FC/PC to LC Ferrule | 1 m | |
M128 | FC/PC to FC Ferrule | 1 m | |
MAF1L1a | FC/PC to FC/PC | 1 m | |
MAF2L1a | FC/PC to LC Ferrule | 1 m | |
MAF3L1a | FC/PC to FC Ferrule | 1 m | |
M125 | SMA905 to LC Ferrule | 1 m | |
M126 | SMA905 to FC Ferrule | 1 m | |
M45 | FP400ERT | SMA905 to SMA905 | 1 or 2 m |
M124 | FC/PC to FC/PC | 1 or 2 m | |
M134 | FP600URT | FC/PC to SMA905 | 1 or 2 m |
M53 | FP600ERT | SMA905 to SMA905 | 1 or 2 m |
M59 | FP1000ERT | SMA905 to SMA905 | 1 or 2 m |
M107 | FP1500ERT | SMA905 to SMA905 | 1 or 2 m |
Item # | Wavelength Range |
Hydroxyl Content |
Core Diameter |
Cladding Diameter |
Coating Diameter |
Core / Cladding |
Coating | Proof Test |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FP200URT | 300 - 1200 nm | High OH | 200 ± 5 μm | 225 ± 5 μm | 500 ± 30 μm | Pure Silica / Hard Polymer |
Tefzel | ≥100 kpsi |
FP200ERT | 400 - 2200 nm | Low OH | ||||||
FP400URT | 300 - 1200 nm | High OH | 400 ± 8 μm | 425 ± 10 μm | 730 ± 30 μm | |||
FP400ERT | 400 - 2200 nm | Low OH | ||||||
FP600URT | 300 - 1200 nm | High OH | 600 ± 10 µm | 630 ± 10 µm | 1040 ± 30 µm | |||
FP600ERT | 400 - 2200 nm | Low OH | ||||||
FP1000URT | 300 - 1200 nm | High OH | 1000 ± 15 µm | 1035 ± 15 µm | 1400 ± 50 µm | |||
FP1000ERT | 400 - 2200 nm | Low OH | ||||||
FP1500URT | 300 - 1200 nm | High OH | 1500 ± 30 µm | 1550 ± 31 µm | 2000 ± 100 µm | |||
FP1500ERT | 400 - 2200 nm | Low OH |
Item # | NA | Core Index @ 589.3 nm |
Clad Index @ 589.3 nm |
Maximum Attenuation @ 810 nm |
Max Core Offset |
Bend Radius | Operating Temperature (Tefzel Coating) |
Stripping Tool | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short Term | Long Term | ||||||||
FP200URT | 0.50 | 1.458434 | 1.3651 | 12 dB/km | 5 µm | 21 mm | 42 mm | -40 to 85 °C | T12S21 |
FP200ERT | 1.458965 | 1.3651 | |||||||
FP400URT | 1.458434 | 1.3651 | 7 µm | 43 mm | 86 mm | T21S31 | |||
FP400ERT | 1.458965 | 1.3651 | |||||||
FP600URT | 1.458434 | 1.3651 | 9 µm | 48 mm | 96 mm | T28S46 | |||
FP600ERT | 1.458965 | 1.3651 | |||||||
FP1000URT | 1.458434 | 1.3651 | 10 µm | 69 mm | 138 mm | M44S63 | |||
FP1000ERT | 1.458965 | 1.3651 | |||||||
FP1500URT | 1.458434 | 1.3651 | 12 µm | 79 mm | 158 mm | M63S86 | |||
FP1500ERT | 1.458965 | 1.3651 |
![](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/tabimages/Numerical_Aperture_Angles_D2-300.jpg)
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Total Internal Reflection in an Optical Fiber
Guiding Light in an Optical Fiber
Optical fibers are part of a broader class of optical components known as waveguides that utilize total internal reflection (TIR) in order to confine and guide light within a solid or liquid structure. Optical fibers, in particular, are used in numerous applications; common examples include telecommunications, spectroscopy, illumination, and sensors.
One of the more common glass (silica) optical fibers uses a structure known as a step-index fiber, which is shown in the image to the right. Step-index fibers have an inner core made from a material with a refractive index that is higher than the surrounding cladding layer. Within the fiber, a critical angle of incidence exists such that light will reflect off the core/cladding interface rather than refract into the surrounding medium. To fulfill the conditions for TIR in the fiber, the angle of incidence of light launched into the fiber must be less than a certain angle, which is defined as the acceptance angle, θacc. Snell's law can be used to calculate this angle:
where ncore is the refractive index of the fiber core, nclad is the refractive index of the fiber cladding, n is the refractive index of the outside medium, θcrit is the critical angle, and θacc is the acceptance half-angle of the fiber. The numerical aperture (NA) is a dimensionless quantity used by fiber manufacturers to specify the acceptance angle of an optical fiber and is defined as:
In step-index fibers with a large core (multimode), the NA can be calculated directly using this equation. The NA can also be determined experimentally by tracing the far-field beam profile and measuring the angle between the center of the beam and the point at which the beam intensity is 5% of the maximum; however, calculating the NA directly provides the most accurate value.
Number of Modes in an Optical Fiber
Each potential path that light propagates through in an optical fiber is known as a guided mode of the fiber. Depending on the physical dimensions of the core/cladding regions, refractive index, and wavelength, anything from one to thousands of modes can be supported within a single optical fiber. The two most commonly manufactured variants are single mode fiber (which supports a single guided mode) and multimode fiber (which supports a large number of guided modes). In a multimode fiber, lower-order modes tend to confine light spatially in the core of the fiber; higher-order modes, on the other hand, tend to confine light spatially near the core/cladding interface.
Using a few simple calculations, it is possible to estimate the number of modes (single mode or multimode) supported by an optical fiber. The normalized optical frequency, also known as the V-number, is a dimensionless quantity that is proportional to the free space optical frequency but is normalized to guiding properties of an optical fiber. The V-number is defined as:
where V is the normalized frequency (V-number), a is the fiber core radius, and λ is the free space wavelength. Multimode fibers have very large V-numbers; for example, a Ø50 µm core, 0.39 NA multimode fiber at a wavelength of 1.5 µm has a V-number of 40.8.
For multimode fiber, which has a large V-number, the number of modes supported is approximated using the following relationship.
In the example above of the Ø50 µm core, 0.39 NA multimode fiber, it supports approximately 832 different guided modes that can all travel simultaneously through the fiber.
Single mode fibers are defined with a V-number cut-off of V < 2.405, which represents the point at which light is coupled only into the fiber's fundamental mode. To meet this condition, a single mode fiber has a much smaller core size and NA compared to a multimode fiber at the same wavelength. One example of this, SMF-28 Ultra single mode fiber, has a nominal NA of 0.14 and an Ø8.2 µm core at 1550 nm, which results in a V-number of 2.404.
![](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/tabimages/Multimode_Fiber_Tutorial_Bending_A1-300.jpg)
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Attenuation Due to Macrobend Loss
![](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/tabimages/Multimode_Fiber_Tutorial_Bending_A2-300.jpg)
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Attenuation Due to Microbend Loss
![](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/tabimages/cladding_mode_profile_G1-350.jpg)
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Beam profile measurement of FT200EMT multimode fiber and a former generation M565F1 LED (replaced by the M565F3) showing light guided in the cladding rather than the core of the fiber.
Sources of Attenuation
Loss within an optical fiber, also referred to as attenuation, is characterized and quantified in order to predict the total transmitted power lost within a fiber optic setup. The sources of these losses are typically wavelength dependent and range from the material used in the fiber itself to bending of the fiber. Common sources of attenuation are detailed below:
Absorption
Because light in a standard optical fiber is guided via a solid material, there are losses due to absorption as light propagates through the fiber. Standard fibers are manufactured using fused silica and are optimized for transmission from 1300 nm to 1550 nm. At longer wavelengths (>2000 nm), multi-phonon interactions in fused silica cause significant absorption. Fluoride glasses such as ZrF4 and InF3 are used in manufacturing Mid-IR optical fibers primarily because they exhibit lower loss at these wavelengths. ZrF4 and InF3 fibers have a multi-phonon edge of ~3.6 µm and ~4.6 µm, respectively.
Contaminants in the fiber also contribute to the absorption loss. One example of an undesired impurity is water molecules that are trapped in the glass of the optical fiber, which will absorb light around 1300 nm and 2.94 µm. Since telecom signals and some lasers operate in that same region, any water molecules present in the fiber will attenuate the signal significantly.
The concentration of ions in the fiber glass is often controlled by manufacturers to tune the transmission/attenuation properties of a fiber. For example, hydroxyl ions (OH-) are naturally present in silica and absorb light in the NIR-IR spectrum. Therefore, fibers with low-OH content are preferred for transmission at telecom wavelengths. On the other hand, fibers with high-OH content typically exhibit increased transmission at UV wavelengths and thus may be preferred by users interested in applications such as fluorescence or UV-VIS spectroscopy.
Scattering
For the majority of fiber optics applications, light scattering is a source of loss that occurs when light encounters a change in the refractive index of the medium. These changes can be extrinsic, caused by impurities, particulates, or bubbles; or intrinsic, caused by fluctuations in the glass density, composition, or phase state. Scattering is inversely related to the wavelength of light, so scattering loss becomes significant at shorter wavelengths such as the UV or blue regions of the spectrum. Using proper fiber cleaning, handling, and storage procedures may minimize the presence of impurities on tips of fibers that cause large scattering losses.
Bending Loss
Losses that occur due to changes in the external and internal geometry of an optical fiber are known as bending loss. These are usually separated into two categories: macrobending loss and microbending loss.
Macrobend loss is typically associated with the physical bending of an optical fiber; for example, rolling it in a tight coil. As shown in the image to the right, guided light is spatially distributed within the core and cladding regions of the fiber. When a fiber is bent at a radius, light near the outer radius of the bend cannot maintain the same spatial mode profile without exceeding the speed of light. Instead, the energy is lost to the surroundings as radiation. For a large bend radius, the losses associated with bending are small; however, at bend radii smaller than the recommended bend radius of a fiber, bend losses become very significant. For short periods of time, optical fibers can be operated at a small bend radius; however, for long-term storage, the bend radius should be larger than the recommended value. Use proper storage conditions (temperature and bend radius) to reduce the likelihood of permanently damaging the fiber; the FSR1 Fiber Storage Reel is designed to minimize high bend loss.
Microbend loss arises from changes in the internal geometry of the fiber, particularly the core and cladding layers. These random variations (i.e., bumps) in the fiber structure disturb the conditions needed for total internal reflection, causing propagating light to couple into a non-propagating mode that leaks from the fiber (see the image to the right for details). Unlike macrobend loss, which is controlled by the bend radius, microbend loss occurs due to permanent defects in the fiber that are created during fiber manufacturing.
Cladding Modes
While most light in a multimode fiber is guided via TIR within the core of the fiber, higher-order modes that guide light within both the core and cladding layer, because of TIR at the cladding and coating/buffer interface, can also exist. This results in what is known as a cladding mode. An example of this can be seen in the beam profile measurement to the right, which shows cladding modes with a higher intensity in the cladding than in the core of the fiber. These modes can be non-propagating (i.e., they do not fulfill the conditions for TIR) or they can propagate over a significant length of fiber. Because cladding modes are typically higher-order, they are a source of loss in the presence of fiber bending and microbending defects. Cladding modes are also lost when connecting two fibers via connectors as they cannot be easily coupled between optical fibers.
Cladding modes may be undesired for some applications (e.g., launching into free space) because of their effect on the beam spatial profile. Over long fiber lengths, these modes will naturally attenuate. For short fiber lengths (<10 m), one method for removing cladding modes from a fiber is to use a mandrel wrap at a radius that removes cladding modes while keeping the desired propagating modes.
Launch Conditions
Underfilled Launch Condition
For a large multimode fiber which accepts light over a wide NA, the condition of the light (e.g., source type, beam diameter, NA) coupled into the fiber can have a significant effect on performance. An underfilled launch condition occurs when the beam diameter and NA of light at the coupling interface are smaller than the core diameter and NA of the fiber. A common example of this is launching a laser source into a large multimode fiber. As seen in the diagram and beam profile measurement below, underfilled launches tend to concentrate light spatially in the center of the fiber, filling lower-order modes preferentially over higher-order modes. As a result, they are less sensitive to macrobend losses and do not have cladding modes. The measured insertion loss for an underfilled launch tends to be lower than typical, with a higher power density in the core of the fiber.
Overfilled Launch Condition
Overfilled launches are defined by situations where the beam diameter and NA at the coupling interface are larger than the core diameter and NA of the fiber. One method to achieve this is by launching light from an LED source into a small multimode fiber. An overfilled launch completely exposes the fiber core and some of the cladding to light, enabling the filling of lower- and higher-order modes equally (as seen in the images below) and increasing the likelihood of coupling into cladding modes of the fiber. This increased percentage of higher-order modes means that overfilled fibers are more sensitive to bending loss. The measured insertion loss for an overfilled launch tends to be higher than typical, but results in an overall higher output power compared to an underfilled fiber launch.
There are advantages and disadvantages to underfilled or overfilled launch conditions, depending on the needs of the intended application. For measuring the baseline performance of a multimode fiber, Thorlabs recommends using a launch condition where the beam diameter is 70-80% of the fiber core diameter. Over short distances, an overfilled fiber has more output power; however, over long distances (>10 - 20 m) the higher-order modes that more susceptible to attenuation will disappear.
Quick Links |
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Damage at the Air / Glass Interface |
Intrinsic Damage Threshold |
Preparation and Handling of Optical Fibers |
Laser-Induced Damage in Silica Optical Fibers
The following tutorial details damage mechanisms relevant to unterminated (bare) fiber, terminated optical fiber, and other fiber components from laser light sources. These mechanisms include damage that occurs at the air / glass interface (when free-space coupling or when using connectors) and in the optical fiber itself. A fiber component, such as a bare fiber, patch cable, or fused coupler, may have multiple potential avenues for damage (e.g., connectors, fiber end faces, and the device itself). The maximum power that a fiber can handle will always be limited by the lowest limit of any of these damage mechanisms.
While the damage threshold can be estimated using scaling relations and general rules, absolute damage thresholds in optical fibers are very application dependent and user specific. Users can use this guide to estimate a safe power level that minimizes the risk of damage. Following all appropriate preparation and handling guidelines, users should be able to operate a fiber component up to the specified maximum power level; if no maximum is specified for a component, users should abide by the "practical safe level" described below for safe operation of the component. Factors that can reduce power handling and cause damage to a fiber component include, but are not limited to, misalignment during fiber coupling, contamination of the fiber end face, or imperfections in the fiber itself. For further discussion about an optical fiber’s power handling abilities for a specific application, please contact Thorlabs’ Tech Support.
![Power Handling Limitations Imposed by Optical Fiber](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/TabImages/Undamaged_Fiber_End-A1_150.jpg)
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Undamaged Fiber End
![Power Handling Limitations Imposed by Optical Fiber](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/TabImages/Damaged_Fiber_End-A1_150.jpg)
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Damaged Fiber End
Damage at the Air / Glass Interface
There are several potential damage mechanisms that can occur at the air / glass interface. Light is incident on this interface when free-space coupling or when two fibers are mated using optical connectors. High-intensity light can damage the end face leading to reduced power handling and permanent damage to the fiber. For fibers terminated with optical connectors where the connectors are fixed to the fiber ends using epoxy, the heat generated by high-intensity light can burn the epoxy and leave residues on the fiber facet directly in the beam path.
Estimated Optical Power Densities on Air / Glass Interfacea | ||
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Type | Theoretical Damage Thresholdb | Practical Safe Levelc |
CW (Average Power) |
~1 MW/cm2 | ~250 kW/cm2 |
10 ns Pulsed (Peak Power) |
~5 GW/cm2 | ~1 GW/cm2 |
Damage Mechanisms on the Bare Fiber End Face
Damage mechanisms on a fiber end face can be modeled similarly to bulk optics, and industry-standard damage thresholds for UV Fused Silica substrates can be applied to silica-based fiber. However, unlike bulk optics, the relevant surface areas and beam diameters involved at the air / glass interface of an optical fiber are very small, particularly for coupling into single mode (SM) fiber. therefore, for a given power density, the power incident on the fiber needs to be lower for a smaller beam diameter.
The table to the right lists two thresholds for optical power densities: a theoretical damage threshold and a "practical safe level". In general, the theoretical damage threshold represents the estimated maximum power density that can be incident on the fiber end face without risking damage with very good fiber end face and coupling conditions. The "practical safe level" power density represents minimal risk of fiber damage. Operating a fiber or component beyond the practical safe level is possible, but users must follow the appropriate handling instructions and verify performance at low powers prior to use.
Calculating the Effective Area for Single Mode Fibers
The effective area for single mode (SM) fiber is defined by the mode field diameter (MFD), which is the cross-sectional area through which light propagates in the fiber; this area includes the fiber core and also a portion of the cladding. To achieve good efficiency when coupling into a single mode fiber, the diameter of the input beam must match the MFD of the fiber.
As an example, SM400 single mode fiber has a mode field diameter (MFD) of ~Ø3 µm operating at 400 nm, while the MFD for SMF-28 Ultra single mode fiber operating at 1550 nm is Ø10.5 µm. The effective area for these fibers can be calculated as follows:
SM400 Fiber: Area = Pi x (MFD/2)2 = Pi x (1.5 µm)2 = 7.07 µm2 = 7.07 x 10-8 cm2
SMF-28 Ultra Fiber: Area = Pi x (MFD/2)2 = Pi x (5.25 µm)2 = 86.6 µm2 = 8.66 x 10-7 cm2
To estimate the power level that a fiber facet can handle, the power density is multiplied by the effective area. Please note that this calculation assumes a uniform intensity profile, but most laser beams exhibit a Gaussian-like shape within single mode fiber, resulting in a higher power density at the center of the beam compared to the edges. Therefore, these calculations will slightly overestimate the power corresponding to the damage threshold or the practical safe level. Using the estimated power densities assuming a CW light source, we can determine the corresponding power levels as:
SM400 Fiber: 7.07 x 10-8 cm2 x 1 MW/cm2 = 7.1 x 10-8 MW = 71 mW (Theoretical Damage Threshold)
7.07 x 10-8 cm2 x 250 kW/cm2 = 1.8 x 10-5 kW = 18 mW (Practical Safe Level)
SMF-28 Ultra Fiber: 8.66 x 10-7 cm2 x 1 MW/cm2 = 8.7 x 10-7 MW = 870 mW (Theoretical Damage Threshold)
8.66 x 10-7 cm2 x 250 kW/cm2 = 2.1 x 10-4 kW = 210 mW (Practical Safe Level)
Effective Area of Multimode Fibers
The effective area of a multimode (MM) fiber is defined by the core diameter, which is typically far larger than the MFD of an SM fiber. For optimal coupling, Thorlabs recommends focusing a beam to a spot roughly 70 - 80% of the core diameter. The larger effective area of MM fibers lowers the power density on the fiber end face, allowing higher optical powers (typically on the order of kilowatts) to be coupled into multimode fiber without damage.
Damage Mechanisms Related to Ferrule / Connector Termination
![](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/TabImages/Terminated_Fiber_Damage_Mechanisms_G3-400.gif)
Plot showing approximate input power that can be incident on a single mode silica optical fiber with a termination. Each line shows the estimated power level due to a specific damage mechanism. The maximum power handling is limited by the lowest power level from all relevant damage mechanisms (indicated by a solid line).
Fibers terminated with optical connectors have additional power handling considerations. Fiber is typically terminated using epoxy to bond the fiber to a ceramic or steel ferrule. When light is coupled into the fiber through a connector, light that does not enter the core and propagate down the fiber is scattered into the outer layers of the fiber, into the ferrule, and the epoxy used to hold the fiber in the ferrule. If the light is intense enough, it can burn the epoxy, causing it to vaporize and deposit a residue on the face of the connector. This results in localized absorption sites on the fiber end face that reduce coupling efficiency and increase scattering, causing further damage.
For several reasons, epoxy-related damage is dependent on the wavelength. In general, light scatters more strongly at short wavelengths than at longer wavelengths. Misalignment when coupling is also more likely due to the small MFD of short-wavelength SM fiber that also produces more scattered light.
To minimize the risk of burning the epoxy, fiber connectors can be constructed to have an epoxy-free air gap between the optical fiber and ferrule near the fiber end face. Our high-power multimode fiber patch cables use connectors with this design feature.
Determining Power Handling with Multiple Damage Mechanisms
When fiber cables or components have multiple avenues for damage (e.g., fiber patch cables), the maximum power handling is always limited by the lowest damage threshold that is relevant to the fiber component. In general, this represents the highest input power that can be incident on the patch cable end face and not the coupled output power.
As an illustrative example, the graph to the right shows an estimate of the power handling limitations of a single mode fiber patch cable due to damage to the fiber end face and damage via an optical connector. The total input power handling of a terminated fiber at a given wavelength is limited by the lower of the two limitations at any given wavelength (indicated by the solid lines). A single mode fiber operating at around 488 nm is primarily limited by damage to the fiber end face (blue solid line), but fibers operating at 1550 nm are limited by damage to the optical connector (red solid line).
In the case of a multimode fiber, the effective mode area is defined by the core diameter, which is larger than the effective mode area for SM fiber. This results in a lower power density on the fiber end face and allows higher optical powers (on the order of kilowatts) to be coupled into the fiber without damage (not shown in graph). However, the damage limit of the ferrule / connector termination remains unchanged and as a result, the maximum power handling for a multimode fiber is limited by the ferrule and connector termination.
Please note that these are rough estimates of power levels where damage is very unlikely with proper handling and alignment procedures. It is worth noting that optical fibers are frequently used at power levels above those described here. However, these applications typically require expert users and testing at lower powers first to minimize risk of damage. Even still, optical fiber components should be considered a consumable lab supply if used at high power levels.
Intrinsic Damage Threshold
In addition to damage mechanisms at the air / glass interface, optical fibers also display power handling limitations due to damage mechanisms within the optical fiber itself. These limitations will affect all fiber components as they are intrinsic to the fiber itself. Two categories of damage within the fiber are damage from bend losses and damage from photodarkening.
Bend Losses
Bend losses occur when a fiber is bent to a point where light traveling in the core is incident on the core/cladding interface at an angle higher than the critical angle, making total internal reflection impossible. Under these circumstances, light escapes the fiber, often in a localized area. The light escaping the fiber typically has a high power density, which burns the fiber coating as well as any surrounding furcation tubing.
A special category of optical fiber, called double-clad fiber, can reduce the risk of bend-loss damage by allowing the fiber’s cladding (2nd layer) to also function as a waveguide in addition to the core. By making the critical angle of the cladding/coating interface higher than the critical angle of the core/clad interface, light that escapes the core is loosely confined within the cladding. It will then leak out over a distance of centimeters or meters instead of at one localized spot within the fiber, minimizing the risk of damage. Thorlabs manufactures and sells 0.22 NA double-clad multimode fiber, which boasts very high, megawatt range power handling.
Photodarkening
A second damage mechanism, called photodarkening or solarization, can occur in fibers used with ultraviolet or short-wavelength visible light, particularly those with germanium-doped cores. Fibers used at these wavelengths will experience increased attenuation over time. The mechanism that causes photodarkening is largely unknown, but several fiber designs have been developed to mitigate it. For example, fibers with a very low hydroxyl ion (OH) content have been found to resist photodarkening and using other dopants, such as fluorine, can also reduce photodarkening.
Even with the above strategies in place, all fibers eventually experience photodarkening when used with UV or short-wavelength light, and thus, fibers used at these wavelengths should be considered consumables.
Preparation and Handling of Optical Fibers
General Cleaning and Operation Guidelines
These general cleaning and operation guidelines are recommended for all fiber optic products. Users should still follow specific guidelines for an individual product as outlined in the support documentation or manual. Damage threshold calculations only apply when all appropriate cleaning and handling procedures are followed.
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All light sources should be turned off prior to installing or integrating optical fibers (terminated or bare). This ensures that focused beams of light are not incident on fragile parts of the connector or fiber, which can possibly cause damage.
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The power-handling capability of an optical fiber is directly linked to the quality of the fiber/connector end face. Always inspect the fiber end prior to connecting the fiber to an optical system. The fiber end face should be clean and clear of dirt and other contaminants that can cause scattering of coupled light. Bare fiber should be cleaved prior to use and users should inspect the fiber end to ensure a good quality cleave is achieved.
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If an optical fiber is to be spliced into the optical system, users should first verify that the splice is of good quality at a low optical power prior to high-power use. Poor splice quality may increase light scattering at the splice interface, which can be a source of fiber damage.
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Users should use low power when aligning the system and optimizing coupling; this minimizes exposure of other parts of the fiber (other than the core) to light. Damage from scattered light can occur if a high power beam is focused on the cladding, coating, or connector.
Tips for Using Fiber at Higher Optical Power
Optical fibers and fiber components should generally be operated within safe power level limits, but under ideal conditions (very good optical alignment and very clean optical end faces), the power handling of a fiber component may be increased. Users must verify the performance and stability of a fiber component within their system prior to increasing input or output power and follow all necessary safety and operation instructions. The tips below are useful suggestions when considering increasing optical power in an optical fiber or component.
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Splicing a fiber component into a system using a fiber splicer can increase power handling as it minimizes possibility of air/fiber interface damage. Users should follow all appropriate guidelines to prepare and make a high-quality fiber splice. Poor splices can lead to scattering or regions of highly localized heat at the splice interface that can damage the fiber.
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After connecting the fiber or component, the system should be tested and aligned using a light source at low power. The system power can be ramped up slowly to the desired output power while periodically verifying all components are properly aligned and that coupling efficiency is not changing with respect to optical launch power.
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Bend losses that result from sharply bending a fiber can cause light to leak from the fiber in the stressed area. When operating at high power, the localized heating that can occur when a large amount of light escapes a small localized area (the stressed region) can damage the fiber. Avoid disturbing or accidently bending fibers during operation to minimize bend losses.
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Users should always choose the appropriate optical fiber for a given application. For example, large-mode-area fibers are a good alternative to standard single mode fibers in high-power applications as they provide good beam quality with a larger MFD, decreasing the power density on the air/fiber interface.
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Step-index silica single mode fibers are normally not used for ultraviolet light or high-peak-power pulsed applications due to the high spatial power densities associated with these applications.
Thorlabs Lab Facts: Modifying Beam Profiles with Multimode Fibers
We present laboratory measurements demonstrating how the output beam profile from multimode fiber can be affected by the beam entry angle. In some applications, an alternative beam distribution such as a top hat or donut is desired instead of the inherent Gaussian distribution provided by typical optics. Here we investigated the effect of changing the input angle of a focused laser beam into a multimode fiber patch cable. Focusing the light normal to the fiber face produced a near-Gaussian output beam profile (Figure 1) and increasing the angle resulted in top hat- (Figure 2) and donut-shaped (Figure 3) beam profiles. These results demonstrate how multimode fibers can be used to change the shape of a beam profile.
For our experiment, we used an M38L01 Ø200 µm, 0.39 NA, Step-Index Fiber Patch Cable (Bare Fiber Item # FT200EMT) as the test fiber into which we launched the focused laser beam. The input light was set incident at 0°, 11°, and 15° to the input face of the multimode fiber to create the initial, top hat, and donut profiles, respectively. Each time the angle was changed, the alignment of the input fiber was optimized while the output power was monitored with a power meter to ensure maximum coupling was achieved. Images were then acquired with a 9 second exposure and the shape of the beam profile was evaluated. Note that during the exposure, a 1500 grit diffuser was manually rotated between the coupling optics (before the fiber under test) to reduce the spatial coherence and create a clean output beam profile.
Assuming a ray tracing model, there are two general types of rays that propagate along a multimode fiber: (a) meridional rays, which pass through the central axis of the fiber after each reflection, and (b) skew rays, which never pass through the central axis of the fiber. The figures below illustrate the three basic ray propagation scenarios observed during the experiment. Figures 4 and 6 depict meridional and skew ray propagation through multimode fiber, respectively, and the associated theoretical beam distribution at the fiber output. As illustrated in Figure 6, skew rays propagate in a helical path along the fiber that is tangent to the inner caustic of the path with radius r. Figure 5 depicts the beam propagation and beam distribution from a combination of meridional and skew rays. By changing the input angle of the light launched into a multimode fiber, we were able to modify the proportion of light rays propagating as meridional rays vs. skew rays, and consequently, modify the output from a near-Gaussian distribution (primarily meridional rays, see Figure 1) to a top hat (mixture of meridional and skew rays, see Figure 2) to a donut (primarily skew rays, see Figure 3). The beam profiles shown in Figures 4 through 6 were obtained at a distance of 5 mm from the fiber end face. These results demonstrate the ability to use a standard multimode fiber patch cable as a relatively inexpensive method to modify an input Gaussian profile into a top hat and donut profile with minimal loss. For details on the experimental setup employed and these summarized results, please click here.
![Gaussian Beam Profile](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/TabImages/Gaussian_A1-150.gif)
Figure 1. Near-Gaussian Beam Profile
Obtained at 0° Input Angle (Normal to Fiber Face)
![Donut Beam Profile](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/TabImages/Donut_A1-150.gif)
Figure 3. Donut Beam Profile
Obtained at 15° Input Angle
![Top Hat Beam Profile](https://www.thorlabs.com/images/TabImages/Tophat_A1-150.gif)
Figure 2. Top Hat Beam Profile
Obtained at 11° Input Angle
Posted Comments: | |
Ethan Espinoza
 (posted 2023-08-08 14:57:30.49) Could someone clarify how they determine the numerical aperture of the fiber listed?
I've been testing this fiber and getting lower optical outputs (measured via powermeter) compared to the 0.22 FP200LEP from ThorLabs. Even compared to a 600 um/0.22 NA fiber, the FP600ERT has lower optical output. I would've assumed that since 0.5 NA can accept more light than 0.22, that the former would have a higher optical output.
When I calculated the half angle of the fiber I ended with a numerical aperture closer to 0.1 NA. So I would appreciate some clarification on how and why the FP600ERT fiber is listed as a 0.5 NA. cdolbashian
 (posted 2023-08-16 11:31:00.0) Thank you for reaching out to us with this inquiry Ethan. The NA is proportional to the difference in index of refraction between the core and cladding of the fiber used. More information on this can be found above in the "MM fiber tutorial" tab. I have reached out to you to troubleshoot your issue and have determined that the reduced NA has stemmed from the termination process you performed on the fiber. The FP600ERT is has a silica core with an polymer cladding and thus extra care must be taken when terminating and connectorizing these fibers. I have reached out to you with some additional helpful tips which can be used to terminate these fibers. Nazar R
 (posted 2021-02-22 10:52:58.257) Hi, could you please clarify what kind of hard polymer is used in the Core Multimode Fiber, High OH? Is the hard polymer cladding resistant to the organic solvents (methyl aclohol, chloroform, acetonitrile, DMSO etc)? YLohia
 (posted 2021-03-15 11:02:34.0) Hello, unfortunately, we cannot provide the coating material as that information is proprietary. That being said, the coating has a relatively good resistance against most solvents. You can wipe it with the solvents mentioned by you without causing damage. Upon a longer immersion it may swell a little (up to 10% by volume). It will be milder with polar solvents such as methanol and DMSO and more severe in chloroform, but no solubility is expected in any solvent including fluoro-solvents which are the most severe in this case. Sergio M
 (posted 2020-05-27 04:50:23.047) Hello. I would like to perform fiber photometry recordings with custom length fiber-optics cannulas. I am worried about the auto-fluorescence of the fiber. Is there any report on it? Could it be bleached by exposing it to the laser for some hours? Thank you in advance. YLohia
 (posted 2020-06-02 01:16:53.0) Hello, thank you for contacting Thorlabs. We recommend our low auto-fluorescence patch cables for such applications: https://www.thorlabs.us/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=12516. We have reached out to you directly to discuss this further. hmaestre
 (posted 2018-10-20 17:51:00.98) Dear Sir/Madam,
Do you have masurements of BandwidthxLength product (MHz/km) around 850/1300nm for your FP200ERT 0.50 NA, Ø200 µm core Multimode Fibers?
Thank you in advance
Best regards nbayconich
 (posted 2018-11-05 12:55:40.0) Thank you for contacting Thorlabs. The bandwidth FP200ERT can be calculated from the total dispersion of these fibers which using the material dispersion and intermodal dispersion at 800nm which is 56.5ns/km and 314.95 ns/km. I will reach out to you directly with more information s.vilches.e
 (posted 2018-04-09 10:56:37.417) Dear Thorlabs,
Would it be possible to obtain the transmission properties of FP400ERT up to 2.5 µm? YLohia
 (posted 2018-04-09 12:10:51.0) Hello, thank you for contacting Thorlabs. I will reach out to you directly regarding the possibility of obtaining this data. Ashot001rostov
 (posted 2018-01-29 12:28:40.967) Hello, I have a problem with collimation of optical radiation coming out of FP1500ERT fiber. I want to get a beam divergence in the range of 0.1-0.5 degrees. Could you tell me if there is a ready solution for this? If not, how can I achieve the desired results using your components? tfrisch
 (posted 2018-02-06 10:29:48.0) Hello, thank you for contacting Thorlabs. Perfect collimation would only come from a perfect point source, which of course does not exist. A single mode fiber is about the closest you can get to that. FP1500ERT has a core size that is roughly 200x larger in diameter than a single mode core, so you can imagine it as 40,000 single mode fibers all next to each other, and all except the center one will be misaligned from the optical axis. This is a very rough approximation, but it highlights why divergence of a large fiber is poor even when collimated. The solution is to use a longer focal length, because an emitter will approximate a point source better the farther away you move from it. For 1.5mm diameter emitting area, I would guess the beam diameter you would need is a few inches. I'll reach out to you directly to discuss this. larso323
 (posted 2017-03-28 15:56:19.253) Do you sell FP200URT and FP400URT without the Tefzel coating? With the T12S21 and T21S31 strip tools I can only get a small amount stripped at a time and I am interested in stripping up to 1 m at a time. I have tried stripping two ends and pulling the fiber out, but with minimal success.
Thanks! tfrisch
 (posted 2017-03-31 01:37:45.0) Hello, thank you for contacting Thorlabs. The best way to strip FP series fibers is in small pieces. I am not aware of a chemical method to remove the coating without affecting the polymer cladding, unfortunately. I will reach out to you directly to discuss. hklee3
 (posted 2016-05-09 22:47:14.883) Hello, I am working and studying master degree student in SNU, in South Korea.
I bought your optical fibers and conducting some experiment. I would like to make tip of this optical fiber sharp. (tip tapering)
I saw the cladding material is just "Hard Polymer" so I really curious and want to know what is cladding material in this FP200URT product.
I know this can be secret of your company but please let me know this material and you will give a big contribution to research. Thank you and I will wait your reply.
Sincerely,
Hongkyun Lee besembeson
 (posted 2016-05-10 04:36:44.0) Response from Bweh at Thorlabs USA: The cladding is a hard polymer and that is the most information we can provide unfortunately. aimin1989
 (posted 2016-04-08 21:35:12.233) Hi I just tried the new released 0.5NA fibre. The polymer cladding is quite problematic.
First, unlike the other cladding, the cladding has a strange smell which is similar with some plastic product.
Second, the cladding is so fragile. For example, when I use the stripper (also from Thorlab) to strip coating, it will scratch the cladding. The abrasion part can be even removed by finger nails. Compared with 0.39NA series, this one is useless.
Last, the most important, it is hard to cleave using the vytran cleaver under correct tension setup. I think the main reason is the cladding is not well adhere to the core. Because after I remove the cladding, it can be cleaved but break due to removal of the cladding.
Since this is my first time to try the new high NA fibre, I think there might be some technical improvement for this series.
Regards. besembeson
 (posted 2016-04-12 12:44:54.0) Response from Bweh at Thorlabs USA: Thanks for your feedback. The hard cladding on the 0.5NA fiber is certainly softer than our TECS fibers, and should have a plastic smell. While it could be difficult to work with, it is not impossible and just requires extra care in handling. It is very easy to damage the hard polymer cladding if correct stripping tool (in this case M44S63) is not used or if the blade is dirty. We would also recommend only removing small amounts of buffer at a time so as not to unnecessarily stress the cladding. If you are experiencing difficulty, I would also recommend you contact us to provide you with a custom fiber solution according to your needs. kpc.simone
 (posted 2015-10-06 13:55:50.69) Any update on the investigation of autofluorescence of the FPXXXURT compared to the BFH48 series? Our application is very similar to that described by tjd below, and would like to be sure that autofluorescence won't contribute significantly to the background of our signal before we buy. Thanks! besembeson
 (posted 2015-10-13 11:29:25.0) Response from Bweh at Thorlabs USA: We have not been able to get test data yet on the autofluorescence. I will be following up with you regarding testing a sample.
10/23 Update: We did comparative experiments with 404nm and 488nm sources and observed that the FPxxxURT/ERT fibers also show low autofluorescence, comparable to the BFH/BFL-48 series so they are a suitable replacement if the NA is suitable for the application. tjd
 (posted 2015-09-17 10:11:48.72) Do you have any information on whether FP200URT/FP400URT/FP600URT has the same autofluorescence profile as the BFH48-200/400/600 fiber it replaces? We have a single-fiber fluoroscopy application, with excitation at 488nm, and emission around 500-540nm, and were relying on the exceptionally low autofluorescence of BFH48 fiber to reduce our background fluorescence levels.
Also, can you confirm that your BFH48 fiber was manufactured by CeramOptec, and is the same as their "Optran HUV T 48" fiber?
Thank you! besembeson
 (posted 2015-10-05 11:35:26.0) Response from Bweh at Thorlabs USA: We haven't done such autofluorescence studies. I can provide you with sample to test in your application and provide your feedback. The BFH48 wasn't from CeramOptec. marcel.haebi
 (posted 2014-05-31 11:51:12.9) dear gentlemen!first, we intended to use the BFH48-400 only as an optical fiber for light transmission from a doped fiber to a photodiode in order to measure the cross section of a proton beam. Later on, instead of using a doped fiber we were shooting with the proton beam of 18 MeV directly to the optical fiber BFH48-400 and we could also measure a clear signal, i.e. kind of a scintillating effect took place inside the BFH48-400. Do you have any information about impurities of the optical fiber? or is there another explanation why could detect a signal from just an optical fiber?Best regards jlow
 (posted 2014-07-29 03:34:58.0) Response from Jeremy at Thorlabs: We do not have test data on the scintillation effect on these optical fiber. This could be due the hard polymer cladding. It would be interesting to try different type of fiber and see if the effect is still present. stephan.leo
 (posted 2014-05-12 16:02:32.007) Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,
wir benötigen diese BFH48-400 mit Länge 55mm, an den Enden gekappt und poliert.
Ist das in dieser Spezifikation kurzfristig lieferbar?
Unsere Kunden-Nr. ist 323316.
Mit freundlichen Grüßen
Stephan Leo
Purchasing
Qioptiq Photonics GmbH
(Feldkirchen) michail.lukaschek
 (posted 2013-07-03 17:44:43.447) Sehr geehrtre Damen und Herren,
ist bei der Faser BFH48-600 kein, ein oder beide Enden mit SMA-Stecker konfektioniert?
Ich bräuchte eine Ende mit SMA.
Viele Grüße
Michail Lukaschek cdaly
 (posted 2013-07-03 13:20:00.0) Response from Chris at Thorlabs: Thank you for using our web feedback. No this fiber itself does not come with SMA connectors, though we do provide stock SMA version found here: http://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=351. We can customize these as well. If you would like a custom please contact us at techsupport@thorlabs.com Or request a quote with the new fiber patch cable calculator located here: http://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=2410 |
Thorlabs offers multimode bare optical fiber with silica, zirconium fluoride (ZrF4), or indium fluoride (InF3) cores. The table below details all of Thorlabs' multimode bare optical fiber offerings. Attenuation plots can be found by clicking the graph icons in the column to the right.
Index Profile | NA | Fiber Type | Item # | Core Size | Wavelength Range | Attenuation (Click for Graph) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step Index | 0.100 | Enhanced Coating View These Fibers |
FG010LDA | Ø10 µm | 400 to 550 nm and 700 to 1000 nm | ![]() |
FG025LJA | Ø25 µm | 400 to 550 nm and 700 to 1400 nm | ||||
FG105LVA | Ø105 µm | 400 to 2100 nm (Low OH) |
||||
0.22 | Standard Glass-Clad Silica View These Fibers |
FG050UGA | Ø50 µm | 250 to 1200 nm (High OH) |
![]() |
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FG105UCA | Ø105 µm | |||||
FG200UEA | Ø200 µm | |||||
FG400UEA | Ø400 µm | |||||
FG600UEA | Ø600 µm | |||||
FG1000UEA | Ø1000 µm | |||||
FG050LGA | Ø50 µm | 400 to 2400 nm (Low OH) |
||||
FG105LCA | Ø105 µm | |||||
FG200LEA | Ø200 µm | |||||
FG400LEA | Ø400 µm | |||||
FG600LEA | Ø600 µm | |||||
FG1000LEA | Ø1000 µm | |||||
Polyimide Coating View These Fibers |
FG200UEP | Ø200 µm | 250 to 1200 nm (High OH) |
![]() |
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FG400UEP | Ø400 µm | |||||
FG200LEP | Ø200 µm | 400 to 2400 nm (Low OH) |
||||
FG400LEP | Ø400 µm | |||||
Solarization Resistant for UV Use View These Fibers |
FG105ACA | Ø105 µm | 180 to 1200 nm Acrylate Coating for Ease of Handling |
![]() |
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FG200AEA | Ø200 µm | |||||
FG300AEA | Ø300 µm | |||||
FG400AEA | Ø400 µm | |||||
FG600AEA | Ø600 µm | |||||
UM22-100 | Ø100 µm | 180 to 850 nm Polyimide Coating for Use up to 300 °C |
||||
UM22-200 | Ø200 µm | |||||
UM22-300 | Ø300 µm | |||||
UM22-400 | Ø400 µm | |||||
UM22-600 | Ø600 µm | |||||
High Power Double TECS / Fluorine-Doped Silica Cladding, View These Fibers |
FG200UCC | Ø200 µm | 250 to 1200 nm (High OH) |
![]() |
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FG273UEC | Ø273 µm | |||||
FG365UEC | Ø365 µm | |||||
FG550UEC | Ø550 µm | |||||
FG910UEC | Ø910 µm | |||||
FG200LCC | Ø200 µm | 400 to 2200 nm (Low OH) |
||||
FG273LEC | Ø273 µm | |||||
FG365LEC | Ø365 µm | |||||
FG550LEC | Ø550 µm | |||||
FG910LEC | Ø910 µm | |||||
0.39 | High Power TECS Cladding View These Fibers |
FT200UMT | Ø200 µm | 300 to 1200 nm (High OH) |
![]() |
|
FT300UMT | Ø300 µm | |||||
FT400UMT | Ø400 µm | |||||
FT600UMT | Ø600 µm | |||||
FT800UMT | Ø800 µm | |||||
FT1000UMT | Ø1000 µm | |||||
FT1500UMT | Ø1500 µm | |||||
FT200EMT | Ø200 µm | 400 to 2200 nm (Low OH) |
||||
FT300EMT | Ø300 µm | |||||
FT400EMT | Ø400 µm | |||||
FT600EMT | Ø600 µm | |||||
FT800EMT | Ø800 µm | |||||
FT1000EMT | Ø1000 µm | |||||
FT1500EMT | Ø1500 µm | |||||
0.50 | Hard Polymer Cladding View These Fibers |
FP200URT | Ø200 µm | 300 to 1200 nm (High OH) |
![]() |
|
FP400URT | Ø400 µm | |||||
FP600URT | Ø600 µm | |||||
FP1000URT |
Ø1000 µm | |||||
FP1500URT | Ø1500 µm | |||||
FP200ERT | Ø200 µm | 400 to 2200 nm (Low OH) |
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FP400ERT | Ø400 µm | |||||
FP600ERT | Ø600 µm | |||||
FP1000ERT | Ø1000 µm | |||||
FP1500ERT | Ø1500 µm | |||||
0.20 | Zirconium Fluoride (ZrF4) Core for Mid-IR View These Fibers |
Various Sizes Between Ø100 µm and Ø600 µm |
285 nm to 4.5 µm | ![]() |
||
0.26 | Indium Fluoride (InF3) Core for Mid-IR View These Fibers |
Ø100 µm | 310 nm to 5.5 µm | |||
Graded Index | 0.20 | Graded Index for Low Bend Loss View These Fibers |
GIF50C | Ø50 µm | 800 to 1600 nm | ![]() |
GIF50D | ||||||
GIF50E | ||||||
0.275 | GIF625 | Ø62.5 µm | 800 to 1600 nm | ![]() |
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Item # | Wavelength Range |
Hydroxyl Content |
NA | Core Index @ 589.3 nm |
Clad Index @ 589.3 nm |
Core Diameter |
Cladding Diameter |
Coating Diameter |
Core / Cladding |
Coating | Stripping Tool |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FP200URT | 300 - 1200 nm | High OH | 0.50 | 1.458434 | 1.3651 | 200 ± 5 µm | 225 ± 5 µm | 500 ± 30 µm | Pure Silica / Hard Polymer |
Tefzel | T12S21 |
FP200ERT | 400 - 2200 nm | Low OH | 1.458965 | 1.3651 |
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Item # | Wavelength Range |
Hydroxyl Content |
NA | Core Index @ 589.3 nm |
Clad Index @ 589.3 nm |
Core Diameter |
Cladding Diameter |
Coating Diameter |
Core / Cladding |
Coating | Stripping Tool |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FP400URT | 300 - 1200 nm | High OH | 0.50 | 1.458434 | 1.3651 | 400 ± 8 µm | 425 ± 10 µm | 730 ± 30 µm | Pure Silica / Hard Polymer |
Tefzel | T21S31 |
FP400ERT | 400 - 2200 nm | Low OH | 1.458965 | 1.3651 |
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Item # | Wavelength Range |
Hydroxyl Content |
NA | Core Index @ 589.3 nm |
Clad Index @ 589.3 nm |
Core Diameter |
Cladding Diameter |
Coating Diameter |
Core / Cladding |
Coating | Stripping Tool |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FP600URT | 300 - 1200 nm | High OH | 0.50 | 1.458434 | 1.3651 | 600 ± 10 µm | 630 ± 10 µm | 1040 ± 30 µm | Pure Silica / Hard Polymer |
Tefzel | T28S46 |
FP600ERT | 400 - 2200 nm | Low OH | 1.458965 | 1.3651 |
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Item # | Wavelength Range |
Hydroxyl Content |
NA | Core Index @ 589.3 nm |
Clad Index @ 589.3 nm |
Core Diameter |
Cladding Diameter |
Coating Diameter |
Core / Cladding |
Coating | Stripping Tool |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FP1000URT | 300 - 1200 nm | High OH | 0.50 | 1.458434 | 1.3651 | 1000 ± 15 µm | 1035 ± 15 µm | 1400 ± 50 µm | Pure Silica / Hard Polymer |
Tefzel | M44S63 |
FP1000ERT | 400 - 2200 nm | Low OH | 1.458965 | 1.3651 |
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Item # | Wavelength Range |
Hydroxyl Content |
NA | Core Index @ 589.3 nm |
Clad Index @ 589.3 nm |
Core Diameter |
Cladding Diameter |
Coating Diameter |
Core / Cladding |
Coating | Stripping Tool |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FP1500URT | 300 - 1200 nm | High OH | 0.50 | 1.458434 | 1.3651 | 1500 ± 30 µm | 1550 ± 31 µm | 2000 ± 100 µm | Pure Silica / Hard Polymer |
Tefzel | M63S86 |
FP1500ERT | 400 - 2200 nm | Low OH | 1.458965 | 1.3651 |